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Related Concept Videos

Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

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A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
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Lethal Alleles02:41

Lethal Alleles

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Agouti: A Lethal Allele
Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...
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Monohybrid Crosses01:20

Monohybrid Crosses

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Overview
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Trihybrid Crosses02:27

Trihybrid Crosses

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Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...
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Incomplete Dominance01:43

Incomplete Dominance

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Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
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Epistasis Analysis01:09

Epistasis Analysis

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Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2025

Using Ustilago maydis as a Trojan Horse for In Situ Delivery of Maize Proteins
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Using Ustilago maydis as a Trojan Horse for In Situ Delivery of Maize Proteins

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Allelism of Uncharacterized Dwarf Mutants in Maize.

Jeffery L Gustin1, Shane A Zimmerman1, Martin M Sachs1

  • 1USDA-ARS, Maize Genetics Cooperation Stock Center, Urbana, Illinois.

Micropublication Biology
|February 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified new gibberellic acid (GA) mutants in maize to better understand plant height control. This discovery aids in comprehending GA

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Genetics
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Gibberellic acid (GA) is a crucial plant hormone regulating growth and development.
  • GA mutants have significantly advanced our understanding of plant physiology and crop improvement.
  • Maize dwarf mutants are less studied compared to other plant species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel dwarf mutants in maize.
  • To enhance the understanding of genetic control over maize plant height.
  • To contribute to the mapping of GA biosynthesis and signaling pathways in maize.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and characterization of new maize dwarf mutants.
  • Genetic analysis to identify underlying genes responsible for dwarfism.

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Author Spotlight: Improved Methods for Preparing Transverse Sections and Unrolled Whole Mounts of Maize Leaf Primordia for Fluorescence and Confocal Imaging
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Author Spotlight: Improved Methods for Preparing Transverse Sections and Unrolled Whole Mounts of Maize Leaf Primordia for Fluorescence and Confocal Imaging

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  • Comparative studies with known GA pathways in other plant species.

    • Main Results:

    • Identification of previously unknown maize dwarf mutants.
    • Initial characterization suggests these mutants affect GA-related pathways.
    • These findings expand the known genetic resources for maize plant height research.

    Conclusions:

    • The newly identified dwarf mutants offer valuable tools for dissecting maize plant height genetics.
    • Further characterization will elucidate novel components of GA signaling or biosynthesis in maize.
    • This research contributes to improving crop architecture and yield potential in maize.