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Radiological and histopathological correlations in oligodendroglioma: a comprehensive case report.

Shivali Kalode¹, Sarang Banait²

¹Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India.

The Pan African Medical Journal

|February 24, 2025

Summary

This case report details an 11-year-old boy diagnosed with oligodendroglioma, a rare brain tumor. Treatment involved chemotherapy and radiotherapy, highlighting challenges in managing pediatric central nervous system tumors.

Keywords:

CT scan Oligodendroglioma case report histopathology psammoma bodies

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Area of Science:

Neuro-oncology
Pediatric oncology
Central nervous system tumors

Background:

Oligodendrogliomas are rare, diffuse, low-grade astrocytomas (WHO grade II) of the central nervous system.
While typically found in adults, approximately 25% of cases occur in children under 15.
These tumors commonly arise in the cerebral white matter and present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to location.

Observation:

An 11-year-old male presented with headache.
Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a heterogeneous lesion with calcification and edema, compressing the third ventricle.
Histopathological correlation confirmed the diagnosis of oligodendroglioma.

Findings:

The pediatric patient was diagnosed with oligodendroglioma.
Adjuvant therapies including chemotherapy and radiotherapy were administered.
The case highlights the occurrence of oligodendroglioma in a pediatric patient.

Implications:

Early diagnosis and multimodal treatment are crucial for managing pediatric oligodendroglioma.
Diffuse white matter spread of oligodendroglioma can lead to poor prognosis and significant neurological deficits.
Further research into effective pediatric brain tumor treatments is warranted.