Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

8.5K
In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
8.5K
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

13.1K
Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
13.1K
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

6.7K
PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
6.7K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

864
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
864
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

16.5K
Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
16.5K
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

6.2K
In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
6.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Gene amplification in the premalignant stages of non-small cell lung cancer development.

Frontiers in oncology·2026
Same author

DNA methylation in the placenta and household socioeconomic status: the SPAH study.

Clinical epigenetics·2026
Same author

Elucidating the roles of microRNA-103a-3p in trophoblast invasion and SOX4-mediated extravillous differentiation induced by activin A.

Cell death & disease·2026
Same author

Sex-influenced DNA methylation differs by placental cell type.

Biology of sex differences·2026
Same author

Integrative Genomic and AI Approaches to Lung Cancer and Implications for Disease Prevention in Former Smokers.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

The role of placental DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of chronic intervillositis of unknown etiology.

Clinical epigenetics·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2025

siRNA Transfection and EMSA Analyses on Freshly Isolated Human Villous Cytotrophoblasts
09:57

siRNA Transfection and EMSA Analyses on Freshly Isolated Human Villous Cytotrophoblasts

Published on: September 20, 2016

10.5K

Profiling the cell-specific small non-coding RNA transcriptome of the human placenta.

Nikita Telkar1, Desmond Hui1, Maria S Peñaherrera1

  • 1British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute.

Research Square
|February 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals cell-specific small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) expression patterns in human placenta development. Different placental cell types show distinct sncRNA expression profiles, offering insights into gene regulation.

Keywords:
chorionic villimiRNAplacentasmall non-coding RNAtrophoblast

More Related Videos

Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR
09:03

Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR

Published on: May 29, 2014

11.5K
Transcriptional Analysis by Nascent RNA FISH of In Vivo Trophoblast Giant Cells or In Vitro Short-term Cultures of Ectoplacental Cone Explants
08:26

Transcriptional Analysis by Nascent RNA FISH of In Vivo Trophoblast Giant Cells or In Vitro Short-term Cultures of Ectoplacental Cone Explants

Published on: August 31, 2016

7.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2025

siRNA Transfection and EMSA Analyses on Freshly Isolated Human Villous Cytotrophoblasts
09:57

siRNA Transfection and EMSA Analyses on Freshly Isolated Human Villous Cytotrophoblasts

Published on: September 20, 2016

10.5K
Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR
09:03

Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR

Published on: May 29, 2014

11.5K
Transcriptional Analysis by Nascent RNA FISH of In Vivo Trophoblast Giant Cells or In Vitro Short-term Cultures of Ectoplacental Cone Explants
08:26

Transcriptional Analysis by Nascent RNA FISH of In Vivo Trophoblast Giant Cells or In Vitro Short-term Cultures of Ectoplacental Cone Explants

Published on: August 31, 2016

7.8K

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The human placenta comprises diverse cell types crucial for its function.
  • Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) regulate gene expression and can be cell-specific.
  • Investigating sncRNA transcriptomes in individual placental cell types is challenging due to isolation difficulties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the sncRNA transcriptome of bulk placental villi and major isolated placental cell types.
  • To characterize sncRNA expression patterns across different cell types and gestational ages.
  • To investigate correlations between sncRNA expression and DNA methylation in the placenta.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a custom sequencing method to analyze seven sncRNA species (miRNA, piRNA, rRNA, scaRNA, snRNA, snoRNA, tRNA).
  • Examined whole chorionic villi and FACS-sorted cytotrophoblast, stromal, endothelial, and Hofbauer cells from first-trimester and term placentas.
  • Performed normalization and clustering to analyze sncRNA expression differences and correlations with DNA methylation.

Main Results:

  • Placental samples clustered primarily by cell type lineage after normalization.
  • While no sncRNAs were uniquely expressed, 115 sncRNAs showed differential mean expression across cell types.
  • Known placentally-expressed sncRNAs exhibited varying expression by cell type and trimester; few varied by sex.

Conclusions:

  • This is the first comprehensive exploration of the sncRNA transcriptome in bulk and sorted human placental cells.
  • Findings provide insights into the cell-specific expression and regulatory roles of sncRNAs in human placental development.
  • Identified cell-type and trimester-specific sncRNA expression patterns, contributing to understanding placental function.