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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...

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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Formulating and Characterizing Lipid Nanoparticles for Gene Delivery using a Microfluidic Mixing Platform

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Published on: February 25, 2021

Exploring the Effects of Incorporating Different Bioactive Phospholipids into Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Lipid

Sunny P Chen^1,2, Shuangyu Wang³, Suiyang Liao^1,2,3

¹School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada.

ACS Bio & Med Chem Au

|February 24, 2025

Summary

Researchers explored adding bioactive phospholipids to lipid-nanoparticle (LNP) formulations for RNA therapeutics. This fifth component modulated LNP properties and biological functions, expanding design possibilities for effective drug delivery.

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Nanomedicine
Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

Advancements in ribonucleic acid (RNA) therapeutics rely heavily on innovative drug delivery systems, particularly lipid-nanoparticle (LNP) based formulations.
Conventional LNP formulations comprise four key lipid components, each crucial for stability and efficacy.
Phospholipids, while providing structural support, possess bioactive properties with significant cell signaling potential.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the incorporation of structurally related bioactive phospholipids as a fifth component in conventional LNP formulations.
To assess the impact of adding bioactive phospholipids on the physicochemical properties and biological functions of messenger RNA (mRNA) LNP formulations.

Main Methods:

Screening a library of mRNA LNP formulations with seven different bioactive phospholipids at 5%, 15%, and 30% molar concentrations.
Analyzing physicochemical properties, including structural integrity via Cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM).
Evaluating biological functions through protein expression in HeLa cells and cytokine profiling in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs).

Main Results:

Observed variations in physicochemical properties influenced by phospholipid type and concentration.
Cryo-EM confirmed structural similarity across different LNP formulations.
Distinct cytokine profiles were identified for each formulation in hPBMCs, with CD4+ T cells being the primary transfected cell type, and altered cellular tropism noted.

Conclusions:

The addition of bioactive phospholipids can effectively modulate LNP function.
This approach expands the design space for RNA LNP formulations.
Incorporating bioactive phospholipids offers a strategy to potentiate LNPs for advanced RNA therapeutics.