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T cell related osteoimmunology in fracture healing: Potential targets for augmenting bone regeneration

Haixing Wang1,2, Yashi Li3, Haoxin Li3

  • 1Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.

Journal of Orthopaedic Translation
|February 24, 2025
PubMed

Last decade has witnessed increasing evidence which highlights the roles of immune cells in bone regeneration. Numerous immune cell types, including macrophages, T cells, and neutrophils are involved in fracture healing by orchestrating a series of events that modulate bone formation and remodeling. In this review, the role of T cell immunity in fracture healing has been summarized, and the modulatory effects of T cell immunity in inflammation, bone formation and remodeling have been highlighted. The review also summarizes the specific roles of different T cell subsets, including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, regulatory T cells, T helper 17 cells, and γδ T cells in modulating fracture healing. The current therapeutics targeting T cell immunity to enhance fracture healing have also been reviewed, aiming to provide insights from a translational standpoint. Overall, this work discusses recent advances and challenges in the interdisciplinary research field of T cell related osteoimmunology and its implications in fracture healing.

Keywords:
Bone formationFracture healingMesenchymal stem cellOsteoimmunologyT cell

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