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Related Concept Videos

Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

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Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity.  In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to...
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Protein Folding01:25

Protein Folding

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Proteins are chains of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. Upon synthesis, a protein folds into a three-dimensional conformation, critical to its biological function. Interactions between its constituent amino acids guide protein folding, and hence the protein structure is primarily dependent on its amino acid sequence.
Protein Structure Is Critical to Its Biological Function
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Protein and Protein Structure02:15

Protein and Protein Structure

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Proteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules. Proteins may be structural, regulatory, contractile, or protective. They may serve in transport, storage, or membranes; or they may be toxins or enzymes. Their structures, like their functions, vary greatly. They are all, however, amino acid polymers arranged in a linear sequence.
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Cytoskeletal Linker Proteins - Plakins01:09

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Plakins are large proteins with binding domains for microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and membrane-associated protein complexes at cell junctions. Plakin functions are evolutionarily conserved and are primarily involved in organizing the different components of the cytoskeleton by crosslinking them to each other and connecting them to the cell-matrix and cell adhesion complexes. They are also known to interact with signal transducers, serve as scaffolds for signaling...
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Role of Septins01:02

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Septins are the recently discovered fourth major protein component of the cytoskeleton, along with microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. These proteins can associate with other cytoskeletal filaments and carry out varied roles or can be free-floating in the cytoplasm.
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Amyloid Fibrils03:03

Amyloid Fibrils

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Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins.  Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils. 
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2025

Studying Protein Function and the Role of Altered Protein Expression by Antibody Interference and Three-dimensional Reconstructions
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Clusterin: structure, function and roles in disease.

Xing Du1,2,3, Zhongyao Chen1,2,3, Wei Shui1,2,3

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.

International Journal of Medical Sciences
|February 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Clusterin (CLU) is a versatile glycoprotein found in various cellular locations and forms. Its diverse roles in health and disease, particularly in neurological and metabolic conditions, are explored in this review.

Keywords:
clusterinfibrosismetabolism diseaseneurological disorderssecreted protein

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Clusterin (CLU) is a glycoprotein present in mammalian tissues and body fluids.
  • CLU exhibits diverse molecular weights and forms (nuclear, cytoplasmic, secreted) due to glycosylation and cleavage.
  • Expression levels of CLU vary significantly in physiological and pathological states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structural characteristics of Clusterin (CLU).
  • To summarize the basic functions of CLU protein.
  • To explore potential regulatory mechanisms of CLU in health and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on Clusterin (CLU).
  • Analysis of structural and functional data of CLU.
  • Synthesis of information on CLU's role in various diseases.

Main Results:

  • CLU exists in multiple forms with varying molecular weights.
  • CLU influences cell endocytosis, apoptosis, and other processes.
  • CLU is implicated in neurological, fibrotic, and metabolic diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Clusterin (CLU) possesses diverse structural forms and functions.
  • CLU plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of various diseases.
  • Understanding CLU's regulation is crucial for therapeutic strategies.