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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
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Minerals01:26

Minerals

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Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.
 
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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Updated: May 26, 2025

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
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Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

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Selenium nutritional status and thyroid dysfunction.

Luciana Sant'Ana Leone de Souza1,2, Renata de Oliveira Campos1,2,3, Jair de Souza Braga1

  • 1Departamento de Biorregulação, Instituto de Saúde e Ciências, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil.

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism
|February 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Selenium (Se) is vital for thyroid health, supporting antioxidant functions and hormone metabolism. Selenium deficiency is linked to thyroid disease, but more research is needed to confirm supplementation benefits.

Keywords:
Seleniumselenium deficiencythyroid

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient crucial for immune and regulatory functions.
  • In thyroid tissue, Se is integral to the antioxidant system and deiodinases, impacting thyroid hormone metabolism.
  • Low Se levels impair glutathione peroxidase activity, increasing oxidative stress and thyroid damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of selenium's role in thyroid pathophysiology.
  • To explore the association between selenium status and various thyroid conditions.
  • To assess the potential benefits of selenium supplementation for thyroid health.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing literature.
  • Literature search conducted in PubMed, Lilacs, and SciELO databases.
  • Analysis of studies investigating selenium levels and thyroid disease.

Main Results:

  • Selenium deficiency is associated with growth retardation, reproductive issues, Keshan's disease, and Kashin-Beck's disease.
  • An inverse correlation exists between serum Se levels and autoimmune thyroiditis in areas with mild Se deficiency.
  • Se supplementation may aid in achieving euthyroidism and improving outcomes in Graves' disease.

Conclusions:

  • Maintaining adequate selenium levels may be linked to thyroid disease prevention.
  • Evidence suggests a role for selenium in managing autoimmune thyroiditis and Graves' disease.
  • Further research is required to definitively establish the efficacy of selenium supplementation for thyroid health.