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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
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Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

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The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

830
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

438
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
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Updated: May 26, 2025

An Efficient and High Yield Method for Isolation of Mouse Dendritic Cell Subsets
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RORγt-expressing dendritic cells are functionally versatile and evolutionarily conserved antigen-presenting cells.

Hamsa Narasimhan1,2, Maria L Richter3, Ramin Shakiba1,2

  • 1Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center Munich, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|February 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RORγt+ dendritic cells (DCs) are a distinct immune cell type. These versatile cells can induce immune tolerance or activation, playing roles in autoimmunity and cancer therapy.

Keywords:
AIRERORγtantigen presenting cellsdendritic cellsinnate lymphocytes

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A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes
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Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells
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Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells
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Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Transcriptomics

Background:

  • Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are key antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that direct adaptive immunity.
  • Targeting cDCs holds potential for vaccination, autoimmunity, and cancer therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize RORγt+ DCs as a conserved, functionally versatile, and transcriptionally distinct DC subset.
  • To explore the functional spectrum of RORγt+ DCs in immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Fate mapping
  • Functional analyses
  • Comparative cross-species transcriptomics

Main Results:

  • RORγt+ DCs represent a conserved DC subset, encompassing previously described populations like Janus cells/eTACs and Thetis cells.
  • Upon inflammatory triggers, RORγt+ DCs migrate to lymph nodes and activate naive CD4+ T cells.
  • RORγt+ DCs with pro-inflammatory features are implicated in autoimmune neuroinflammation in mice and humans.

Conclusions:

  • RORγt+ DCs possess a broad functional repertoire, capable of inducing peripheral T cell tolerance or activation based on environmental signals.
  • These findings establish RORγt+ DCs as immune sentinel cells with significant implications for understanding and manipulating immune responses in health and disease.