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Screening for dental pain using an automated face coding (AFC) software.

Angela Stillhart1, Rahel Häfliger1, Lisa Takeshita1

  • 1Clinic for General-, Special Care- and Geriatric Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 11 Plattenstrasse, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.

Journal of Dentistry
|February 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Automated Face Coding (AFC) software shows limited ability to detect facial expression changes related to dental pain alleviation. Further research is needed to improve its sensitivity for clinical applications.

Keywords:
AI radiomicsArtificial intelligenceAutomated face codingDental painEmotionsFacial expressionsGeriatric dentistryGerodontologySpecial care dentistry

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Pain Management
  • Computer Vision

Background:

  • Facial expressions are key indicators of pain.
  • Automated Face Coding (AFC) software offers potential for objective pain assessment.
  • Current AFC capabilities in detecting subtle, pain-related facial changes require evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effectiveness of AFC software in identifying facial expressions associated with dental pain.
  • To evaluate if AFC can detect changes in facial expressions corresponding to pain reduction after treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty-seven participants with dental pain were enrolled.
  • Facial videos were recorded and analyzed using AFC software at baseline and post-treatment.
  • Pain levels were self-reported using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS).

Main Results:

  • A significant reduction in self-reported pain (VAS) was observed post-treatment (p < 0.001).
  • The AFC software did not detect significant differences in facial expressions between baseline and post-treatment.
  • Emotional parameters analyzed by the software remained stable.

Conclusions:

  • Current AFC software has limitations in detecting pain-specific facial expression changes.
  • Further development is needed to enhance AFC sensitivity for pain assessment.
  • AFC shows potential for monitoring facial movements in dental care, especially for non-communicative patients.