Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

6.8K
Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
6.8K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

864
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
864
Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

9.1K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
9.1K
Protein Modifications in the RER01:26

Protein Modifications in the RER

5.0K
Modification of secretory and transmembrane proteins entering the rough ER begins in the ER lumen. These modifications aid in protein folding and stabilize the acquired tertiary structure. Protein modifications in the rough ER co-occur at different stages of protein folding.
Broadly, these modifications can be categorized into four main categories — glycosylation, formation of disulfide bonds, assembly of protein subunits, and specific proteolytic cleavages like removal of signal...
5.0K
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

8.4K
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
8.4K
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

22.4K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
22.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Geminivirus-Induced Reprogramming of Plant Defense Mechanisms: Molecular Insights and Research Frontiers.

Annual review of virology·2026
Same author

Nanospanlastic delivery of repurposed rosuvastatin for augmented wound healing.

Annales pharmaceutiques francaises·2026
Same author

Deciphering Cold Stress Resilience: Multiomics Insights in Contrasting Wheat Genotypes From the Western Himalayas.

Plant biotechnology journal·2026
Same author

Membrane transporters in plants: Actions for resilience and adaptation under challenging environments.

Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB·2025
Same author

Identification and validation of QTLs associated with resistance to tomato leaf curl Bangalore virus disease using QTL-seq analysis in tomato (Solanum spp.).

Molecular biology reports·2025
Same author

Precision editing to improve fruit traits: CRISPR/Cas into the picture.

Protoplasma·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2025

Isolation of Intermediate Filament Proteins from Multiple Mouse Tissues to Study Aging-associated Post-translational Modifications
09:29

Isolation of Intermediate Filament Proteins from Multiple Mouse Tissues to Study Aging-associated Post-translational Modifications

Published on: May 18, 2017

8.4K

UFMylation: Exploring a lesser known post translational modification.

Rohit Sharma1, Oceania Chirom2, Abdul Mujib2

  • 1Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.

Plant Science : an International Journal of Experimental Plant Biology
|February 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

UFMylation, a ubiquitin-like protein modification, is crucial for plant ER homeostasis and ER-phagy. Further research is needed to uncover additional molecular pathways regulated by this important PTM.

Keywords:
ER homeostasisPTMUBLsUFMylationUbiquitin

More Related Videos

Utilizing a Comprehensive Immunoprecipitation Enrichment System to Identify an Endogenous Post-translational Modification Profile for Target Proteins
08:12

Utilizing a Comprehensive Immunoprecipitation Enrichment System to Identify an Endogenous Post-translational Modification Profile for Target Proteins

Published on: January 8, 2018

11.2K
Simultaneous Affinity Enrichment of Two Post-Translational Modifications for Quantification and Site Localization
12:11

Simultaneous Affinity Enrichment of Two Post-Translational Modifications for Quantification and Site Localization

Published on: February 27, 2020

6.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2025

Isolation of Intermediate Filament Proteins from Multiple Mouse Tissues to Study Aging-associated Post-translational Modifications
09:29

Isolation of Intermediate Filament Proteins from Multiple Mouse Tissues to Study Aging-associated Post-translational Modifications

Published on: May 18, 2017

8.4K
Utilizing a Comprehensive Immunoprecipitation Enrichment System to Identify an Endogenous Post-translational Modification Profile for Target Proteins
08:12

Utilizing a Comprehensive Immunoprecipitation Enrichment System to Identify an Endogenous Post-translational Modification Profile for Target Proteins

Published on: January 8, 2018

11.2K
Simultaneous Affinity Enrichment of Two Post-Translational Modifications for Quantification and Site Localization
12:11

Simultaneous Affinity Enrichment of Two Post-Translational Modifications for Quantification and Site Localization

Published on: February 27, 2020

6.8K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Ubiquitination is a key post-translational modification (PTM) altering protein function.
  • Ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) mediate another class of PTMs gaining research interest.
  • UFMylation is a UBL-mediated PTM with an enzymatic mechanism akin to ubiquitination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To focus on UFMylation, a specific UBL-mediated PTM.
  • To highlight the role of UFMylation in plant ER homeostasis and ER-phagy.

Main Methods:

  • The article reviews existing literature on UFMylation.
  • Enzymatic mechanisms of UFMylation are discussed in comparison to ubiquitination.

Main Results:

  • UFMylation involves a three-step enzymatic process similar to ubiquitination.
  • In plants, UFMylation appears critical for maintaining endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis.
  • UFMylation is implicated in ER-phagy, a cellular degradation process.

Conclusions:

  • UFMylation is an important PTM in plants, particularly for ER homeostasis.
  • Current research on UFMylation is limited.
  • Future studies are expected to reveal novel molecular pathways regulated by UFMylation.