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The effect of individual visual sensitivity on time perception.

Alexandra Ružičková1, Lenka Jurkovičová2,3, Julie Páleník3

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Visually uncomfortable simple patterns increase time estimation variability, while complex stimuli do not affect time perception. Biological sex influences time perception, with males experiencing temporal compression compared to females.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Virtual Reality

Background:

  • The human mind constructs a sense of continuous time passage, but subjective time perception can be distorted by neural responses to sensory stimuli.
  • Previous research indicates links between neural activity and altered time flow perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if visually uncomfortable patterns, inducing strong brain activation, alter short time estimates.
  • To determine if sensory sensitivity and cortical excitability influence these time estimates.
  • To explore the impact of stimulus complexity on time perception.

Main Methods:

  • Two virtual reality experiments were conducted using simple (achromatic gratings) and complex (virtual exteriors) timed stimuli.
  • Participants' time estimates were recorded under controlled and realistic conditions.
  • Data were analyzed to assess the influence of visual discomfort, sensory sensitivity, cortical excitability, and biological sex on time perception.

Main Results:

  • Hypotheses were not supported; however, visually uncomfortable achromatic gratings led to more variable temporal judgments.
  • The variability in time judgments for simple patterns appears linked to current visual comfort and system sensitivity, not trait-based measures.
  • Visual comfort of complex stimuli (virtual exteriors) did not impact time perception.
  • Biological sex was a significant factor, with males exhibiting temporal compression of stimuli relative to females.

Conclusions:

  • Subjective visual discomfort from simple patterns, not complex ones, can increase temporal judgment variability.
  • Current visual system sensitivity, influenced by perceived comfort, may affect time perception accuracy.
  • Biological sex significantly modulates time perception, necessitating further neuroimaging research for underlying mechanisms.