A Rare Case of Axillary Fibroadenoma in Accessory Breast Masquerading Malignancy

Fibroadenoma presenting in the axilla is a rare occurrence often associated with ectopic breast tissue. Accessory breast(s) are characterized by the existence of additional breasts, exceeding the typical count of two, accompanied by or without a nipple and areola, in human anatomy. It can manifest at any point along the primitive embryonic milk lines, which extend from the armpit to the groin region. This case report describes a 39-year-old female presenting with right axillary swelling and a history of fibroadenoma excision from the contralateral breast. Emphasizing the importance of considering this condition in the axillary differential diagnosis, it highlights the diagnostic challenge of distinguishing it from metastatic lymphadenopathy. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) plays a crucial role in early diagnosis, leading to a favorable prognosis following excision. Management strategies for fibroadenomas vary based on symptoms and concerns, ranging from observation to surgical excision. This case underscores the rarity of axillary fibroadenoma, necessitating individualized management approaches and emphasizing the pivotal role of cytological evaluation in guiding appropriate interventions for optimal patient outcomes. The case also underscores the importance of considering accessory breast masses in the differential diagnosis of axillary lumps, given their potential for malignant transformation and clinical implications.