Enzyme Biosensor Based on 3D-Printed Flow-Through Reactor Modified with Thiacalixarene-Functionalized Oligo (Lactic...

Area of Science:

• Electrochemistry
• Biomaterials Science
• Sensor Technology

Background:

• Enzyme immobilization is crucial for electrochemical biosensors in clinical and environmental applications.
• Maintaining enzyme activity and sensor stability during immobilization remains a significant challenge.
• Existing methods often struggle with sensor degradation and enzyme loss.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a robust and efficient flow-through enzyme biosensor system.
• To enhance enzyme immobilization and stability using novel functionalized materials.
• To create a cost-effective and practical biosensor for routine analysis.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of a 3D-printed poly(lactic acid) flow-through electrochemical cell.
• Modification of the cell with thiacalixarene-functionalized oligo (lactic acids) (OLAs) for enzyme immobilization.
• Evaluation of OLA conformations for stability and enzyme binding efficiency.
• Validation of the biosensor for amperometric uric acid detection using modified electrodes.

Main Results:

• The 1,3-alternate OLA conformation showed superior stability and immobilization performance.
• Immobilization efficiency was enhanced by over 30%, with improved protection against swelling and degradation.
• The biosensor achieved sensitive uric acid detection (7 nM limit) in biological matrices like artificial urine and plasma.
• A reduced detection potential of -0.05 V was achieved using carbon black and Prussian Blue modification.

Conclusions:

• The developed 3D-printed flow-through biosensor offers an effective solution for enzyme immobilization and stability.
• The use of functionalized OLAs significantly improves biosensor performance and durability.
• The system's design facilitates easy assembly and low-cost replacement, making it suitable for clinical applications.