Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Versions of the Activity Restriction Scale

Introduction: Activity restriction (i.e., feeling limited in performing certain activities) has been studied in relation to psychological distress. The Activity Restriction Scale (ARS) has been widely used, with a two-factor structure obtained in previous studies. However, there is no validated instrument for this measure in Spanish. This study aims to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the original ARS and to create an adapted version for older adults. Method: In Phase 1, the original ARS was tested in 143 Spanish family caregivers. In Phase 2, this version was explored through a pilot study with 10 Spanish older adults. In Phase 3, the ARS-Older Adults version (ARS-OA) was tested in a sample of 246 Spanish older adults. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted in Phases 1 and 3, in addition to testing reliability, and convergent and concurrent validity. A descriptive analysis was carried out in Phase 2. Results: Both factor analyses provided support for a two-factor solution: instrumental and expressive activity restriction. Cronbach's alpha was 0.86 (Phase 1) and 0.81 (Phase 3). The data also suggested good convergent and concurrent validity. Conclusions: The results revealed good psychometric properties of both versions of the ARS, suggesting that it is a suitable instrument for assessing activity restriction in Spanish-speaking populations. Activity restriction is suggested as a relevant variable to take into account in understanding people's mental health.