Inequalities in the Distribution of the Nursing Workforce in Albania: A Regional Analysis Using the Gini Coefficient

Background/Objectives: The uneven distribution of nurses in Albania is a major problem that compromises equitable access to health services. Rural and less developed regions suffer from a chronic shortage of nursing staff, while urban areas attract health professionals. This study aims to quantify the inequalities in the distribution of nurses in Albania, analyzing the nurse-to-population ratio and its impact on the quality of healthcare. The main objective of this study is to examine the distribution of the nursing workforce in Albania and assess regional disparities, using the Gini coefficient and the Human Development Index (HDI) to measure and compare inequalities between regions. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2024. The data were collected from official sources, including the Albanian Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization (WHO). The Gini coefficient and the Lorenz curve were used to analyze the distribution of nurses in relation to the population and HDI of the different regions. The analysis included data on the number of nurses, population, and regional socioeconomic conditions. Results: The average nurse-to-population ratio in Albania is 28 nurses per 10,000 inhabitants, with significant variations between regions. Tirana has the highest ratio (60 nurses per 10,000 inhabitants), while Kukës and Dibër have the lowest values (10 per 10,000 inhabitants). The calculated Gini coefficient is 0.0228, indicating a very low level of inequality in the distribution of the nursing workforce. Conclusions: Inequalities in the distribution of nurses in Albania require targeted policy interventions. Policies are needed that incentivize health workers to work in less developed regions, through economic incentives, infrastructure improvements, and lifelong learning programs. These interventions are essential to reduce disparities and ensure equitable access to health services across the country.