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The Existence and Stability Mechanism of Bulk Nanobubbles: A Review
Changsheng Chen1, Yawen Gao1, Xianren Zhang2
1New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Center for Combustion Energy, Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Abstract:
Since they were shown to be a potential phenomenon through experimentation, bulk nanobubbles (BNBs) have been a long-standing controversy. The controversy mainly originates from the fact that their stability cannot be well explained by the established theories. Although nanobubbles have been applied in many fields, the controversial stability issue has been a hanging "cloud" looming over the nanobubble research. This review focuses on why the stability of nanobubbles cannot be depicted by the current theories from thermodynamics and dynamics perspectives. Moreover, a number of current models pertaining to bulk nanobubble stability are compiled. It is anticipated that this review will give readers a better grasp of the current state of bulk nanobubble research and provide some insight for further studies in this area.
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