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Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2025

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

Microbiome's effect on white matter in autism.

Katherine Canada¹, Tanya M Evans², Kevin A Pelphrey¹

¹Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Gilmer Hall, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States.

Journal of Neurophysiology

|February 25, 2025

Summary

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is linked to altered brain white matter development and reduced gut microbiome diversity. Gut-brain axis research may reveal new therapeutic targets for ASD management.

Keywords:

Glia dysbiosis immunology myelination neurodevelopmental

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Last Updated: May 26, 2025

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

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Intracerebroventricular Delivery of Gut-Derived Microbial Metabolites in Freely Moving Mice

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Published on: June 2, 2022

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Microbiology
Developmental Psychology

Background:

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents with social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors.
Individuals with ASD exhibit distinct white matter development patterns, including hypermyelination followed by reduced myelination.
Core ASD symptoms correlate with white matter dysregulation detected via diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the relationship between gut microbiome alterations and white matter development in ASD.
To investigate potential therapeutic strategies targeting the gut-brain axis for ASD management.

Main Methods:

Analysis of neuroimaging data, specifically diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), to assess white matter integrity.
Assessment of gut microbiome diversity and composition, focusing on beneficial bacteria like Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus.
Review of emerging mechanistic evidence linking gut metabolites and neuroinflammation to brain development.

Main Results:

Decreased gut microbiome diversity, particularly reductions in Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, correlates with ASD symptom severity.
White matter dysregulation in ASD is significantly associated with core symptom impairments.
Bidirectional interactions between the gut microbiome and white matter development are suggested through metabolites and neuroinflammation.

Conclusions:

The gut microbiome plays a potential role in white matter development and ASD pathophysiology.
Targeting the gut-brain axis presents a promising avenue for novel therapeutic interventions in ASD.
Integrating gut physiology and brain imaging data is crucial for advancing ASD management.