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Applying the Health Belief Model to mobile device distracted driving.
Aimee E Cox1, Jessica B Cicchino1, Ian J Reagan1
1Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, United States.
Journal of Safety Research
|February 25, 2025
Summary
Drivers who perceive greater threats and fewer barriers to stopping are less likely to drive distracted. Interventions should increase threat perception and address key barriers to promote safer driving.
Area of Science:
- Traffic Safety Research
- Behavioral Science
- Public Health
Background:
- Mobile device use leads to constant connectivity but compromises traffic safety.
- This study applies the Health Belief Model to understand distracted driving.
- It identifies barriers and motivators for drivers to cease device manipulation while driving.
Purpose of the Study:
- To apply the Health Belief Model to understand drivers' perceptions of threats, barriers, benefits, and cues to action regarding mobile device use.
- To identify factors influencing distracted driving behavior.
- To inform interventions aimed at reducing distracted driving.
Main Methods:
- A nationwide survey of 2,013 U.S. licensed drivers was conducted.
- Participants responded to statements related to Health Belief Model constructs.
- Logistic regression analyzed the association between Health Belief Model constructs and distracted driving status.
Main Results:
- Increased agreement with threats (OR=1.61) and decreased agreement with barriers (OR=0.36) were linked to non-distracted driving.
- Top barriers to avoiding cellphone distractions were identified for distracted drivers.
- Distracted drivers favored intrapersonal, interpersonal, and policy cues for behavior change; technological countermeasure support correlated with distracted driving.
Conclusions:
- Increasing threat perceptions, addressing identified barriers, and implementing policy, interpersonal, and technological countermeasures can promote device-free driving.
- State highway safety offices should enhance threat awareness and provide solutions for cited barriers in intervention design.
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