Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2025

The Use of Reverse Phase Protein Arrays RPPA to Explore Protein Expression Variation within Individual Renal Cell Cancers
12:22

The Use of Reverse Phase Protein Arrays RPPA to Explore Protein Expression Variation within Individual Renal Cell Cancers

Published on: January 22, 2013

33.5K

The selection of targeted therapies for relapsed or refractory advanced renal cell carcinoma

Vinay K Giri1, Jacob Zaemes1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.

Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy
|February 25, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

For advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) that returns or doesn't respond to initial treatment, therapies targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) are key. Treatment selection depends on tumor type and prior therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Medical Science

Background:

  • Immunotherapy and angiogenesis-targeted therapies have improved upfront renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treatment.
  • However, unresectable and metastatic RCC often progresses after initial therapy, with limited long-term outcomes.
  • Relapsed or refractory (R/R) RCC after immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) typically precludes ICI re-challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current targeted therapies for second-line or later treatment of clear cell and non-clear cell RCC.
  • To discuss novel therapeutic strategies under investigation for R/R RCC.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of targeted therapies for R/R RCC.
  • Analysis of current treatment paradigms and emerging strategies.

Main Results:

  • Treatment for R/R RCC focuses on inhibiting VEGF, HIF, and mTOR pathways.
  • Agent selection is guided by tumor histology, prior treatments, and patient comorbidities.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of R/R RCC requires careful selection of targeted therapies.
  • Future research into biomarkers may predict responses to immune, angiogenesis, or HIF-based treatments.
Keywords:
HIFRenal cell carcinomaVEGFimmunotherapymTORrefractoryrelapsetargeted therapy

More Related Videos

A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies06:38

A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies

Published on: April 12, 2017

13.5K
Dynamic Imaging of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells with [18F]Tetrafluoroborate Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography09:34

Dynamic Imaging of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells with [18F]Tetrafluoroborate Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography

Published on: February 17, 2022

3.3K

Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
7.4K
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
4.8K
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
462
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
3.2K
Inhibition of Cdk Activity02:34

Inhibition of Cdk Activity

The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
4.6K
Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors01:27

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
2.3K