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Sensory processing in children with functional daytime urinary incontinence: A comparative study with autism spectrum

Anka J Nieuwhof-Leppink1, Eline Helena Maria van de Wetering2, André Bernard Rietman3

  • 1Department of Medical Psychology and Social Work, Urology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, the Netherlands; Pediatric Urology, University Children's Hospital UMC Utrecht, the Netherlands.

Journal of Pediatric Urology
|February 25, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Children with daytime urinary incontinence (DUI) show more sensory processing issues, particularly under-responsivity. These challenges are also prominent in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), suggesting a link that could inform better urotherapy.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Urology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Functional daytime urinary incontinence (DUI) is common in children and influenced by multiple factors.
  • Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have an increased risk of DUI, potentially linked to sensory processing issues.
  • Sensory processing difficulties are frequently observed in children with ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between sensory processing issues and functional daytime urinary incontinence (DUI) in children.
  • To explore the role of sensory processing in children with both DUI and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involved 225 children aged 6-12, divided into four groups: healthy, DUI-only, ASD-only, and combined DUI and ASD.
  • Parents completed the Dutch version of the Short Sensory Profile (SSP-NL) to assess sensory processing.
  • Sensory processing patterns were compared across the four participant groups.

Main Results:

  • Children with DUI-only exhibited lower scores in 'Low energy/weak' and 'Low registration' on the SSP-NL, indicating sensory under-responsivity.
  • Children diagnosed with ASD presented the most significant sensory processing issues, irrespective of DUI status.
  • The study identified potential limitations in multisensory processing in children with DUI.

Conclusions:

  • Children experiencing daytime urinary incontinence (DUI) may have more pronounced sensory processing issues compared to healthy children.
  • Understanding these sensory challenges is crucial for improving urotherapy interventions for children with DUI.
  • Incorporating sensory considerations and adaptive behavior strategies can enhance treatment outcomes for children with incontinence and sensory difficulties.
Abstract

Keywords:
Autism spectrum disorderChildrenFunctional daytime urinary incontinenceSensory processing

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