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Published on: October 11, 2018
Potential protein biomarkers of central nervous system infiltration in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Laura S Rangel-Cova1, Silverio Soto-Álvarez1, Enrique Estudillo2
1Laboratorio de Farmacología, Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Centro de Investigación del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea Mexicana, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea Mexicana.
Insights
Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) poses a significant health risk. This review explores cerebrospinal fluid proteomics and biomarkers for diagnosing and understanding CNS infiltration in pediatric ALL patients.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Oncology
- Neuro-Oncology
- Proteomics
Background:
- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer globally and a leading cause of pediatric cancer mortality.
- Central nervous system (CNS) infiltration by leukemic cells is a critical complication of ALL, often detected late due to limitations in current diagnostic methods.
- The low detection rate (3-5%) of CNS infiltration at diagnosis compromises effective prognosis and disease management in pediatric ALL.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the significance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomics in identifying novel protein biomarkers for diagnosing CNS infiltration in pediatric ALL.
- To provide an overview of analytical methods for CSF biomarkers to enhance understanding of leukemia within the CNS.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on cerebrospinal fluid proteomics studies in pediatric ALL.
- Analysis of current diagnostic challenges and limitations for CNS infiltration.
- Exploration of protein biomarker candidates and analytical techniques for CSF analysis.
Main Results:
- CSF proteomics offers a promising avenue for discovering sensitive and specific biomarkers for CNS ALL.
- Identifying reliable biomarkers can improve early detection and characterization of leukemia in the CNS.
- Various analytical methods exist for CSF biomarker analysis, aiding in comprehending CNS leukemia.
Conclusions:
- Cerebrospinal fluid proteomics holds potential for improving the diagnosis of CNS infiltration in pediatric ALL.
- Novel protein biomarkers are crucial for accurate prognostic assessment and effective follow-up of pediatric ALL patients with CNS involvement.
- Further research into CSF biomarker analysis is essential for advancing the understanding and management of leukemia in the central nervous system.
Abstract:
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common neoplasia among children worldwide, and the main cause of death by cancer in patients with less than 18 years, thus representing a serious health concern. One problem of ALL is the infiltration of leukemic cells in the central nervous system (CNS), which is only detected in the 3-5% of children in their diagnostic due to a lack of sensibility and specificity, which compromises an efficient prognostic and follow-up of the disease. This drawback demands the search of novel biomarkers of infiltration. Therefore, this review focuses on 1) the relevance of cerebrospinal fluid proteomics and protein biomarkers as possible candidates to aim in the diagnostic of pediatric patients with ALL that display CNS infiltration and 2) a general perspective of the methods for analyzing biomarkers in the CSF to further comprehend the leukemia in the CNS.
