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Area of Science:

  • Nonlinear Optics
  • Quantum Optics
  • Photonics

Background:

  • Nonlinear frequency conversion typically requires high-coherence lasers, limiting understanding of coherence in nonlinear interactions.
  • The role of incoherence in nonlinear optical processes has been largely overlooked.
  • Exploring coherence in nonlinear phenomena can expand fundamental knowledge and applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the synthesis of optical spatial coherence in second harmonic generation (SHG).
  • To demonstrate a method for customizing second harmonic coherence using low-coherence sources.
  • To explore applications in imaging and structured light generation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing quadratic nonlinear photonic crystals for second harmonic generation.
  • Employing quantitative phase retrieval and a complex square-root filter on fundamental frequency speckles.
  • Experimentally generating incoherent vortex and Airy beams via nonlinear frequency conversion.

Main Results:

  • Successfully customized second harmonic coherence from fundamental frequency speckles.
  • Demonstrated incoherent imaging, converting an infrared smiley face to visible light.
  • Produced incoherent vortex beams and experimentally verified orbital angular momentum conservation for low-coherence sources.
  • Generated incoherent Airy beams that retain self-acceleration properties.

Conclusions:

  • Optical spatial coherence can be synthesized in nonlinear frequency conversion, challenging traditional assumptions.
  • The developed method allows for tailored coherence properties in generated light.
  • Findings open new avenues for applications in infrared imaging, fluorescence microscopy, and structured light generation with low-coherence sources.