Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2025

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage
07:47

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage

Published on: February 15, 2013

15.4K

Nasopharyngeal Carriage, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Serotype Distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Children

Rayane Rafei1, Mazen Zaylaa2, Mohamad Diab1

  • 1Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School for Science and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon.

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 26, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) showed limited coverage for circulating serotypes in Lebanese children in 2016. This highlights the need for broader-coverage vaccines to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Epidemiology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Nasopharyngeal carriage of *Streptococcus pneumoniae* is a key transmission route and precursor to invasive pneumococcal disease.
  • Monitoring pneumococcal carriage serotypes and antimicrobial resistance is crucial following vaccine integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate *S. pneumoniae* carriage epidemiology in children under five in Tripoli, Lebanon, in 2016.
  • To assess the impact of PCV13 integration on pneumococcal carriage and resistance patterns.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study was conducted among 104 children under five years old in Tripoli, Lebanon.
  • Nasopharyngeal swabs were cultured for *S. pneumoniae*, followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and serotyping.

Main Results:

  • *S. pneumoniae* was carried by 54.8% of children, with 26.3% of isolates showing multidrug resistance.
  • Limited coverage was observed for PCV13 (31.3%) and PCV20 (50%) vaccine serotypes.
  • Serotypes 11A, 19F, 23A, and Sg24 were the most prevalent, accounting for 37.5% of isolates.

Conclusions:

  • A significant burden of antibiotic-resistant pneumococci exists in young children in Tripoli.
  • Current PCV13 vaccine coverage is insufficient, necessitating vaccines with broader serotype coverage in Lebanon.
  • Further longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate PCV impact and guide future vaccine development.
Abstract

Keywords:
LebanonStreptococcus pneumoniaeantimicrobial resistancecarriagechildrenpneumococcal conjugate vaccineserotypes

More Related Videos

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/4306:06

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43

Published on: September 11, 2020

1.6K
Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes08:58

Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes

Published on: March 3, 2023

6.3K

Related Concept Videos

Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

Overview
52.2K
Bacterial Transformation01:33

Bacterial Transformation

In 1928, bacteriologist Frederick Griffith worked on a vaccine for pneumonia, which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Griffith studied two pneumonia strains in mice: one pathogenic and one non-pathogenic. Only the pathogenic strain killed host mice.
Griffith made an unexpected discovery when he killed the pathogenic strain and mixed its remains with the live, non-pathogenic strain. Not only did the mixture kill host mice, but it also contained living pathogenic bacteria that...
55.0K
Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
43.3K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
1.4K
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
32.1K