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Related Concept Videos

Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

29
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Piaget's Stage 2 of Cognitive Development01:14

Piaget's Stage 2 of Cognitive Development

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The preoperational stage, the second of Jean Piaget's four stages of cognitive development, spans approximately ages 2 to 7 and is characterized by the emergence of symbolic thinking. During this stage, children use language, images, and symbols to represent objects and concepts, enabling them to engage in imaginative and pretend play. This symbolic thinking supports children's ability to perform make-believe actions, such as imagining a broom as a horse or their hand as a phone,...
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Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development01:17

Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development

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During Piaget's concrete operational stage, from ages 7 to 11, children exhibit a marked increase in logical thinking skills, specifically in relation to tangible, real-world events. This stage is characterized by the development of several essential cognitive concepts, including conservation, reversibility, and classification, all of which support the child's evolving capacity for structured thought.
Conservation and Constancy of Quantity
A significant cognitive milestone in the...
527
Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development01:14

Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development

581
The sensorimotor stage, the initial phase of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, spans the first two years of a child's life. During this period, infants actively engage with their surroundings, building cognitive awareness through direct interaction with the world. This interaction is primarily based on sensory perception and motor actions, allowing infants to gradually understand basic physical properties and predict how objects interact within their environment.
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Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition01:24

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

22
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
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Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development from Childhood into Adulthood01:25

Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development from Childhood into Adulthood

61
Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the role of thinking in a child's learning process, suggesting that children are naturally curious about their environment. His approach to development is discontinuous, proposing that cognitive abilities progress through distinct stages, each with unique characteristics. Central to Piaget's theory is schemata—mental structures that allow individuals to understand and interpret the world.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2025

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
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Capturing the Developmental Changes in Cognitive Control Engagement in Chinese Preschoolers.

Xufeng Ji1, Yihao Deng2, Qiong Zhang2

  • 1Faculty of Teacher Education, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China.

Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 26, 2025
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Summary

Young children

Keywords:
AX continuous performance taskcued task-switching paradigmproactive controlreactive control

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental psychology
  • Cognitive neuroscience

Background:

  • Children's cognitive control shifts from reactive to proactive strategies during early development.
  • Previous research primarily used cross-sectional designs, limiting understanding of this developmental transition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To longitudinally investigate the developmental trajectory from reactive to proactive cognitive control in preschoolers.
  • To examine changes in cognitive control over a five-month period in young children.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study involving 60 preschoolers (aged 4 and 5).
  • Participants completed two cognitive control tasks (AX-Continuous Performance Test, Cued Task-Switching) twice over five months.

Main Results:

  • Children demonstrated significant improvements in cognitive control skills across both tasks.
  • The observed improvements indicated a predominantly reactive control pattern persisting within the study interval.
  • These gains suggest an age-related, gradual development preparing for future proactive control.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides longitudinal evidence supporting a gradual developmental shift from reactive to proactive cognitive control in early childhood.
  • Findings highlight the ongoing developmental process of cognitive control strategies in preschoolers.