Pet Dog Choice in Hong Kong and Mainland China: Exploring Owners' Motivations, Behaviours, and Perceptions

Dogs are among the most popular pets worldwide, and ownership is increasing in many regions. Responsible pet ownership positively impacts animal welfare, yet little is known about the drivers of pet choices or their regional variation. To address this knowledge gap, a structured online questionnaire was developed to investigate the motivations, behaviours, perceptions, and demography of owners acquiring dogs. Quality control measures included content validity evaluation by independent experts and back-translation to optimize semantics. Non-probability convenience and purposive sampling was used to recruit respondents through social media and interest groups. In total, 2036 eligible responses were received. Three out of four respondents were female, which is a pattern reported in other regions. Mixed-breed dogs were the most popular, representing around 40% of the total, and non-commercial sources, such as shelters, were the predominant source for new pets (65%). In stark contrast to the UK, USA, and parts of Europe, brachycephalic breeds were the least popular of the purebreds. Poodles were the most frequently owned purebred in both HKSAR and MC. "Companionship for humans" was the most common reason for acquiring a pet dog, and strong agreement with the statement "I consider my dog part of my family" was almost universal (99%). Over half of respondents carried out no research before they acquired their dog (55%), and veterinary professionals were the least frequent resource used by the remainder. Our study reveals commonalities with other regions in drivers for, and perceptions of, pet dogs. Encouragingly from an animal welfare perspective, brachycephalic breeds were the least preferred type. Investigation of the drivers of this observation may be useful to encourage the acquisition of non-brachycephalic dogs in other regions. Overall, our study provides preliminary but valuable insights for developing targeted programs promoting responsible ownership in the region to enhance the well-being of both humans and dogs.