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Behavioral Phenotyping of Murine Disease Models with the Integrated Behavioral Station INBEST

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Phenotypical, Behavioral, and Systemic Hallmarks in End-Point Mouse Scenarios.

Lidia Castillo-Mariqueo^1,2,3, Daniel Alveal-Mellado^1,2, Lydia Giménez-Llort^1,2

¹Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI

|February 26, 2025

Summary

Frailty in aging mice shows distinct physical signs like structural kyphosis and behavioral changes. These findings in animal models help understand frailty

Keywords:

C57BL/6J mice animal welfare bodyweight end-point euthanasia sarcopenia

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Area of Science:

Gerontology
Animal Models of Aging
Biomedical Research

Background:

Frailty is a clinical-biological syndrome in older adults, increasing functional dependence risk.
Animal models offer valuable tools for studying complex aging phenomena like frailty.
Understanding frailty hallmarks in aging mice aids in developing interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the physical and behavioral characteristics of end-point frailty in aging mice.
To differentiate frailty phenotypes from normal aging in a mouse model.
To establish a reliable animal model for studying frailty.

Main Methods:

Comparison of 16-month-old mice (frail and normal aging) with 6-month-old controls.
Assessment of physical hallmarks: structural vs. postural kyphosis, piloerection, alopecia, and body weight.
Behavioral analysis: exploratory activity, neophobia (corner test), rearing latency, and muscle weight.

Main Results:

Structural kyphosis with piloerection identified as physical frailty hallmarks, distinct from normal aging's postural kyphosis.
Alopecia (barbering) observed in both old mouse groups.
Poorer emotional phenotype indicated by increased rearing latency, normal exploratory activity, and normal muscle weight; hepatomegaly and splenomegaly counteracted WAT loss.

Conclusions:

Structural kyphosis and specific behavioral changes characterize physical frailty in aging mice.
The identified hallmarks provide a basis for studying frailty mechanisms in animal models.
Organomegaly and preserved muscle mass are key features of this frailty model, differing from typical end-of-life traits.