Evidence for Dark Energy Driven by Star Formation: Information Dark Energy?

Evidence is presented for dark energy resulting directly from star formation. A survey of stellar mass density measurements, SMD(a), as a function of universe scale size a, was found to be described by a simple CPL w₀ - w_a parameterisation that was in good agreement with the dark energy results of Planck 2018, Pantheon+ 2022, the Dark Energy Survey 2024, and the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument 2024. The best-fit CPL values found were w₀ = -0.90 and w_a = -1.49 for SMD(a), and w₀ = -0.94 and w_a = -0.76 for SMD(a)^0.5, corresponding with, respectively, good and very good agreement with all dark energy results. The preference for SMD(a)^0.5 suggests that it is the temperature of astrophysical objects that determines the dark energy density. The equivalent energy of the information/entropy of gas and plasma heated by star and structure formations is proportional to temperature, and is then a possible candidate for such a dark energy source. Information dark energy is also capable of resolving many of the problems and tensions of ΛCDM, including the cosmological constant problem, the cosmological coincidence problem, and the H₀ and σ₈ tensions, and may account for some effects previously attributed to dark matter.