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Related Experiment Video

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Investigating the Neural Mechanisms of Aware and Unaware Fear Memory with fMRI
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Why Uncertainty Is Essential for Consciousness: Local Prospect Theory vs. Predictive Processing.

Francis Heylighen1, Shima Beigi1

  • 1Center Leo Apostel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Local Prospect Theory (LPT) offers a new view of consciousness, emphasizing subjective experience and free will. It models decision-making using uncertainty and a "local prospect" for agents to choose reactions, contrasting with deterministic unconscious processes.

Keywords:
consciousnessentropy measuresglobal workspacepredictive processinguncertainty

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Philosophy of Mind
  • Theoretical Psychology

Background:

  • Predictive Processing (PP) theories focus on optimizing prediction accuracy in the brain.
  • Consciousness, subjective experience, and free will remain complex phenomena.
  • Global Workspace Theory provides a model for neural activation and working memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and develop Local Prospect Theory (LPT) as a novel framework for understanding consciousness.
  • To reframe decision-making by incorporating uncertainty and subjective experience.
  • To explore the implications of LPT for understanding free will and contrasting conscious with unconscious processes.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptualizing consciousness as a self-maintaining process of circulating neural activation.
  • Defining a "local prospect" as a subjectively experienced range of potential developments.
  • Proposing entropy-based measures to quantify the breadth of potential actions and perceptions.

Main Results:

  • LPT posits that uncertainty is essential for conscious decision-making, enabling free choice.
  • Conscious processes involve asynchronous, non-linear interactions in a temporary working memory.
  • Unconscious processes are characterized as automatic and deterministic.

Conclusions:

  • LPT provides a framework to understand how consciousness allows for de-automatized reactions and free will.
  • The theory offers potential for empirical testing through measures like action variety and perceptual breadth.
  • LPT offers insights into practices like mindfulness and meditation for broadening consciousness.