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Protocells Either Synchronize or Starve.

Marco Villani1,2, Roberto Serra1,2,3

  • 1Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, Modena and Reggio Emilia University, 41121 Modena, Italy.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 26, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synchronization in self-reproducing protocells is crucial for growth. New models show that finite precursor diffusion rates, not just buffering, enable synchronization even with higher-order replication, preventing concentration divergence.

Keywords:
Fick’s lawchemical kineticsdiffusion rateself-replicationself-reproductiontransmembrane diffusion

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Area of Science:

  • Origin of life studies
  • Theoretical biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Self-reproducing protocells require synchronized cell division and genetic material duplication for sustainable growth.
  • Previous theoretical models suggested spontaneous synchronization under various conditions.
  • Higher-order replication kinetics in simplified models led to replicator concentration divergence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the synchronization of cell division and genetic replication in protocells.
  • To address the failure of synchronization in models with quadratic or higher-order self-replication.
  • To explore the impact of precursor transport across the cell membrane on protocell dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Development and analysis of dynamical models for protocell reproduction.
  • Comparison of models with instantaneous buffering versus finite transmembrane diffusion rates.
  • Mathematical investigation of self-replication kinetics, including quadratic and higher-order processes.

Main Results:

  • The "buffering" hypothesis in simplified models incorrectly predicted divergence for higher-order replication.
  • Realistic models incorporating finite transmembrane diffusion rates of precursors resolve this divergence.
  • Synchronization is achievable even with complex replication kinetics when precursor transport is considered.

Conclusions:

  • Finite precursor diffusion rates are essential for accurate modeling of protocell synchronization.
  • The "buffering" assumption is a significant oversimplification that can lead to erroneous conclusions.
  • More realistic biophysical constraints, like membrane transport, are critical for understanding the emergence of life.