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Quantum Thermometry for Ultra-Low Temperatures Using Probe and Ancilla Qubit Chains.

Asghar Ullah1, Vipul Upadhyay2, Özgür E Müstecaplıoğlu1,3

  • 1Department of Physics, Koç University, Sarıyer 34450, Türkiye.

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Summary

This study proposes a new quantum thermometry method using coupled qubits for ultra-low temperature measurements. Adjusting ancilla qubits and parameters precisely controls measurement range and precision.

Keywords:
energy transitionsquantum thermometryultralow temperature measurement

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Physics
  • Quantum Metrology
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • Accurate ultra-low temperature measurement is crucial for fundamental physics research and quantum technologies.
  • Existing quantum thermometry techniques face limitations in range and precision at extremely low temperatures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and analyze a novel quantum thermometry scheme utilizing a probe qubit coupled to ancilla qubits.
  • To investigate methods for enhancing the range and precision of ultra-low temperature measurements.
  • To explore the role of qubit chain interactions in quantum thermometry.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of a qubit chain model with Heisenberg XX and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interactions.
  • Evaluation of quantum Fisher information (QFI) to characterize measurement precision limits.
  • Systematic variation of ancilla qubit count and model parameters.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated control over achievable precision bounds in quantum thermometry by adjusting system parameters.
  • Showcased the ability to tune the number of quantum Fisher information (QFI) peaks as a function of temperature.
  • Interpreted results in terms of energy transition influences on measurement range and QFI peak behavior.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed probe qubit-ancilla chain system offers a powerful and precise platform for quantum thermometry.
  • System parameter and ancilla qubit number are key factors in optimizing ultra-low temperature measurements.
  • This approach advances the capabilities for precise thermometry in the quantum regime.