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Comparative Study of Oxidative Stress Responses in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes and Transient Hyperglycemia

Anca Daniela Pinzaru1,2, Ancuta Lupu3, Tatiana Chisnoiu1,2

  • 1Pediatrics, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|February 26, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Children with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) show increased oxidative stress markers like malondialdehyde (MDA). Transient hyperglycemia in healthy children did not alter their oxidative state, unlike in T1DM.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Oxidative Stress Research
  • Biomarker Analysis

Background:

  • Hyperglycemia is a known trigger for oxidative stress in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
  • Understanding oxidative stress differences is crucial for pediatric T1DM management and differentiating it from transient hyperglycemia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare oxidative stress biomarkers between pediatric patients with T1DM and healthy children with transient hyperglycemia.
  • To investigate the relationship between oxidative stress markers and clinical parameters in T1DM.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 42 pediatric patients with T1DM and healthy controls aged 1-6 years.
  • Analysis of blood samples for oxidative stress biomarkers including malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx).
  • Assessment of correlations between biomarkers, A1c, age, BMI, insulin dose, and lipid profiles.

Main Results:

  • Plasma MDA levels were significantly elevated in T1DM patients compared to controls.
  • A significant negative correlation was observed between glutathione (GSH) and the diabetic group.
  • While T1DM altered the relationship between selenium, zinc, lipids, and oxidative stress, transient hyperglycemia in healthy children did not significantly change their oxidative state.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric T1DM is associated with increased oxidative stress, evidenced by elevated MDA levels.
  • Transient hyperglycemia in healthy children does not appear to induce significant oxidative stress.
  • T1DM significantly impacts the interplay between essential minerals, lipids, and oxidative stress markers.

Keywords:
childrendiabetesoxidative stresstransient hyperglycemia

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