A Narrative Review on the Sperm Selection Methods in Assisted Reproductive Technology: Out with the New, the Old Is...

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Medicine
• Genetics
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Male infertility affects nearly half of all infertility cases globally.
• Key contributors include genetic, social, environmental, and lifestyle factors.
• Research focuses on understanding and mitigating these causes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current and emerging sperm selection techniques for assisted reproductive technology (ART).
• To highlight the limitations of traditional methods and the potential of advanced technologies.
• To guide future research for improved ART outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Evaluation of traditional sperm analysis and selection methods (e.g., semen analysis, density gradient centrifugation).
• Assessment of advanced sperm sorting techniques (e.g., magnetic-activated cell sorting, microfluidic sorting).
• Exploration of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and Raman spectroscopy.

Main Results:

• Traditional methods have limitations in detecting sperm DNA damage and oxidative stress.
• Advanced methods offer improved genetic integrity selection but face standardization and cost challenges.
• Emerging technologies promise automated, accurate sperm selection, pending further validation.

Conclusions:

• Refining sperm selection techniques is crucial for personalized infertility treatment.
• Further large-scale studies are needed to validate new methods for safety and cost-effectiveness.
• Addressing evidence gaps will enhance ART success rates and patient care.