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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Serum Spike Protein Persistence Post COVID Is Not Associated with ME/CFS.

Annick Fehrer1, Franziska Sotzny1, Laura Kim1

  • 1Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.

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|February 26, 2025
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Summary

Persistent SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was detected in a small subset of post-COVID condition patients, including those with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. However, its presence did not correlate with symptom severity or functional disability.

Keywords:
COVID-19ME/CFSSARS-CoV-2chronic fatigue syndromelong COVIDpost-COVID syndromespike proteinviral persistence

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Post-COVID condition (PCS) affects 3-6% of individuals, with some meeting criteria for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS).
  • The persistence of SARS-CoV-2 components, such as spike protein, after acute infection is suspected but its role in PCS remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and potential role of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the serum of patients with post-COVID condition, particularly those with ME/CFS.
  • To determine if spike protein levels correlate with symptom severity or functional impairment in ME/CFS patients.

Main Methods:

  • Serum samples from 121 PCS patients (72 with ME/CFS), 37 recovered controls, and 32 pre-pandemic controls were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
  • Spike protein presence, concentration, and correlation with clinical data were assessed. Immunoglobulin depletion was performed on a subset of patients.

Main Results:

  • Serum spike protein was detected in 11% of recovered controls, 2% of PCS patients, and 14% of ME/CFS patients, months post-infection.
  • Spike protein presence did not correlate with time since infection/vaccination, symptom severity, or functional disability in ME/CFS patients.
  • Immunoglobulin depletion reduced or eliminated detectable spike protein in 5 of 22 patients, suggesting it binds to immunoglobulins.

Conclusions:

  • Serum spike protein was identified in a minority of post-COVID condition patients, including those with ME/CFS.
  • The study found no association between the presence of serum spike protein and the diagnosis or severity of ME/CFS.
  • Findings suggest spike protein may be bound by immunoglobulins in some individuals, but its direct role in ME/CFS pathogenesis requires further investigation.