Exploring Perceptions of Physical Activity in Individuals Newly Diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis

Background: Physical activity is essential in enhancing the quality of life for individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, there is limited evidence regarding the unique barriers individuals newly diagnosed with MS face. The purpose of this qualitative study is to understand the perspectives of persons newly diagnosed with MS about physical activity. Methods: Four focus groups were conducted with persons newly diagnosed with MS (n = 12). Participants were asked open-ended questions related to barriers and facilitators of physical activity, knowledge surrounding physical activity for individuals with MS they would find helpful, and how best to receive this information and track their progress. Results: Four themes were generated from the data: (1) lack of knowledge about MS leads to fear and physical activity aversion, (2) reimagining physical activity leads to frustration, (3) navigating physical activity constraints in a busy world, and (4) accountability is key to maintaining physical activity in the presence of barriers. The findings of the study were used to adapt an existing coaching intervention model to increase physical activity engagement specifically in persons with MS soon after the diagnosis. Conclusions: This study underscores the distinct challenges encountered by individuals newly diagnosed with MS, most notably the time constraints imposed by symptoms and employment commitments. These findings highlight the necessity of developing a tailored physical activity coaching intervention, such as ENGAGE-MS, that prioritizes education, accessibility, and adaptability to maximize benefits and develop long-term, sustainable physical activity behaviors.