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An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
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Preventing RSV Infection in Children: Current Passive Immunizations and Vaccine Development

Pius I Babawale1, Iván Martínez-Espinoza1, Alaine' M Mitchell1

  • 1Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 26, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe illness in vulnerable groups. While vaccines exist for adults and pregnant women, this review covers passive immunizations and infant vaccine development for RSV.

Area of Science:

  • Virology and Immunology
  • Vaccine Development
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of severe respiratory infections in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.
  • Past vaccine development efforts in the 1960s were unsuccessful due to enhanced disease in vaccinated children.
  • Recent progress has yielded RSV vaccines for older adults and pregnant women, but infant vaccines remain unavailable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current passive immunization strategies for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infants.
  • To summarize ongoing research and development efforts for an infant RSV vaccine.
  • To highlight the unmet need for a protective RSV vaccine in the pediatric population.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing passive immunization data for RSV.
  • Analysis of ongoing clinical trials and research pipelines for infant RSV vaccines.
  • Synthesis of information on historical vaccine development challenges and recent advancements.

Main Results:

  • Passive immunization with monoclonal antibodies provides short-term protection against RSV.
  • Several promising vaccine candidates targeting RSV are in various stages of development for infants.
  • Challenges remain in achieving safe and effective long-term immunity in infants.

Conclusions:

  • Passive immunizations offer a current, albeit temporary, solution for RSV prevention in infants.
  • Continued research and development are crucial to bring a safe and effective RSV vaccine to infants.
  • Successful infant RSV vaccination would significantly reduce childhood morbidity and mortality.

Keywords:
RSVRSV pediatric vaccineRSV prophylaxisrespiratory syncytial virusvaccine

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