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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Peptide Bonds02:43

Peptide Bonds

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A peptide bond covalently attaches amino acids through a dehydration reaction. One amino acid's carboxyl group and another amino acid's amino group combine, releasing a water molecule. The resulting bond is the peptide bond. The products that such linkages form are peptides. As more amino acids join this growing chain, the resulting chain is a polypeptide. Each polypeptide has a free amino group at one end. This end has the N-terminal, or the amino-terminal, and the other end has a free...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules02:35

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules

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Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These interactions differ from covalent bonding in that they do not involve sharing of electrons.
Four types of noncovalent interactions are hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
Hydrogen bonding results from the electrostatic attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a strong-electronegative atom like oxygen,...
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ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis01:28

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Biological macromolecules are organic compounds, predominantly composed of carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are covalently bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other minor elements. There are four major biological macromolecule classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Most macromolecules are composed of single subunits, or building blocks, called monomers. The monomers combine with each other using covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers.
Conversion of...
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Dynamic Bonds in Biopolymers: Enhancing Performance and Properties.

Trong Danh Nguyen1, Jun Seop Lee1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.

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Bio-based polymers offer sustainable alternatives but lack stability. Incorporating dynamic covalent bonds enhances their mechanical properties and physical stability for broader biological applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Petroleum-based polymers face resource depletion and environmental concerns.
  • Bio-based polymers (cellulose, alginate, chitosan, gelatin) are biocompatible and biodegradable but have poor physical stability.
  • High density of hydrogen bonds and large pyranose rings limit biopolymer stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the incorporation of dynamic covalent bonds into biopolymers.
  • To enhance the mechanical properties and physical stability of biopolymer networks.
  • To expand the applicability of biopolymers in biological fields.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on biopolymer modification.
  • Analysis of functional groups in biopolymers as anchoring sites for dynamic bonds.
  • Evaluation of performance improvements through dynamic covalent bond integration.

Main Results:

  • Dynamic covalent bonds can be effectively incorporated into biopolymer structures.
  • Enhanced mechanical properties and improved overall stability of the polymer network are achievable.
  • Biopolymer functional groups serve as suitable anchoring sites for dynamic bonds.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic covalent bonds present a promising strategy to overcome the limitations of bio-based polymers.
  • This approach can significantly enhance the physical properties of biopolymers.
  • The technology holds potential for expanding the use of biopolymers in diverse biological applications.