Background of New Measurement Electronic Devices with Polyelectrolyte Hydrogel Base

It has been demonstrated that when a low-molecular-weight salt solution flows through a polyelectrolyte gel, an electromotive force is generated, and its polarity depends on the sign of the polyelectrolyte network's charge. A mathematical model proving the possibility of developing a device for separating a solution of low-molecular salt into enriched and depleted phases under the influence of gravitational forces has been developed. Such a device contains a system of parallel columns filled with different kinds of cross-linked polyelectrolyte networks. The proposed mathematical model is grounded in the theory of double electrical layers forming at the hydrogel/solution interface; these layers deform under non-equilibrium conditions, specifically during the flow of the solution through the cross-linked polyelectrolyte network. An analogous model is proposed describing the case of an analogous device based on an electric current passing through two oppositely charged contacting networks, which provides the possibility of separating the initial solution into enriched and the depleted phases too. The practical applications of the found effect are discussed. In particular, it is demonstrated that a wide number of measurement electronic devices can be created on such a base, including devices to be used within the investigation of polyelectrolyte hydrogels of different types.