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Evolution of Bluetooth Technology: BLE in the IoT Ecosystem.
Grigorios Koulouras1, Stylianos Katsoulis1, Fotios Zantalis1
1TelSiP Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, University of West Attica, Ancient Olive-Grove Campus, GR-12241 Athens, Greece.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 26, 2025
Summary
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is crucial for the Internet of Things (IoT), enabling efficient wireless connectivity. This review explores BLE
Area of Science:
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
- Wireless Communication Systems
- Internet of Things (IoT) Technologies
Background:
- The Internet of Things (IoT) has experienced rapid expansion, with Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) becoming a foundational technology for low-power, cost-effective wireless connections.
- Existing literature lacks comprehensive, up-to-date reviews on the current state and future trajectory of BLE within the evolving IoT landscape.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of the evolution and current status of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT).
- To analyze emerging trends, challenges, and future directions for BLE, including its integration with AI, machine learning, and its alignment with UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
- To offer insights into the opportunities and challenges of BLE adoption across diverse IoT applications.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of Bluetooth technology evolution, with a specific focus on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE).
- Analysis of current BLE applications, security, power management, mesh networking, and recent advancements.
- Examination of future trends, including AI/ML integration, audio capabilities, and alignment with UN SDGs.
Main Results:
- BLE is a critical enabler for IoT, characterized by its low power consumption and cost-effectiveness.
- Recent advancements in BLE, including version 6.0, address security, power efficiency, and networking capabilities.
- BLE's features align with SDGs, particularly in energy efficiency and sustainable development for smart applications.
Conclusions:
- The continuous evolution of BLE, exemplified by recent updates and emerging applications, underscores its pivotal role in shaping the future of wireless communication and IoT.
- Further research and innovation in BLE are essential to fully harness its potential in diverse IoT sectors like smart homes, healthcare, and industrial automation.
- BLE's integration with advanced technologies and its contribution to sustainability goals present significant opportunities for future development.
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