A Low-Voltage Low-Power Voltage-to-Current Converter with Low Temperature Coefficient Design Awareness

Area of Science:

• Integrated Circuit Design
• Analog Electronics
• Low-Power Electronics

Background:

• Energy-constrained applications require efficient voltage-to-current conversion.
• Existing solutions often struggle with stability and power consumption at ultra-low voltages.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a low-voltage, low-power voltage-to-current (V-I) converter.
• To achieve high temperature stability and low power dissipation for energy-constrained systems.

Main Methods:

• Implementation in TSMC 40 nm CMOS technology.
• Utilizing a three-stage operational transconductance amplifier (OTA).
• Employing Q-reduction frequency compensation for stable operation.

Main Results:

• Achieved a temperature coefficient of 54.68 ppm/°C (over 2x better than prior works).
• Maintained power dissipation below 2.76 μW at 0.45 V supply voltage.
• Demonstrated a bandwidth of 34.45 kHz and THD of -56.66 dB.

Conclusions:

• The proposed V-I converter meets ultra-low voltage and low-power design requirements.
• Its performance is suitable for demanding applications like biomedical sensors and IoT nodes.
• The design offers a robust solution for stable operation across wide temperature ranges.