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Development and Performance Comparison of a 64-Channel Annular Array Probe Excited Simultaneously by Shorted

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  • 1IHI Inspection and Measurement Co., Ltd., 2-6-17 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.

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Summary

A new ultrasonic phased array method accurately measures weld defects in thick nuclear power plant pipes. This annular array technique offers superior energy concentration and reduced grating lobes compared to traditional methods.

Keywords:
annular arraynon-destructive testingphased arraypoint focusingsector scanultrasonic phased array

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Area of Science:

  • Non-destructive testing
  • Ultrasonic testing
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Nuclear and thermal power plants rely on ultrasonic testing for inspecting pipe welds.
  • Accurate defect detection in thick-walled pipes (approx. 100 mm) remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate a novel ultrasonic phased array method for enhanced weld defect measurement in thick-walled pipes.
  • To evaluate the performance of annular arrays against linear and matrix arrays.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations were performed to assess the effectiveness of annular arrays.
  • Element arrangements for point focusing and sector scanning were investigated.
  • A 64-channel annular array probe was designed and tested on specimens with simulated defects.

Main Results:

  • Annular arrays demonstrated 7% higher energy concentration than linear arrays and 3% higher than matrix arrays.
  • Grating lobe sound pressure ratios were comparable to linear arrays and 20% lower than matrix arrays.
  • The proposed method accurately identified and sized defects, including a φ1 mm flat-bottom hole and a φ3 mm pseudo-spherical defect.

Conclusions:

  • The developed ultrasonic phased array method using annular arrays provides accurate measurement of weld defects in thick-walled pipes.
  • This technique offers significant advantages over conventional linear array transducers for power plant inspections.