Tailored Intranasal Albumin Caged Selegiline-α Synuclein siRNA Liposome with Improved Efficiency in Parkinson's Model

Background/Objectives: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neuro-degenerative disorder characterized by α-synuclein aggregation, which promotes neuronal death and accelerates neurodegeneration. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) can reduce α-synuclein levels, but its therapeutic potential is limited by poor stability and delivery challenges. Similarly, Selegiline (Sel), a monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitor, has low bioavailability, restricting its effectiveness. This study aims to develop an intranasal (IN) albumin-coated liposomal system (C-Lip_Sel-siSNCA2) for the co-delivery of Sel and α-synuclein-targeting siRNA (siSNCA2) to enhance brain targeting and therapeutic efficacy. Methods: Liposomes were prepared using the ethanol injection method and optimized via D-optimal design for size, charge, and encapsulation efficiency (EE%). The optimized formulation was coated with human serum albumin (HSA) and characterized for stability, cellular uptake, and gene silencing. In vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were assessed in a rotenone-induced PD rat model to evaluate the motor function, biochemical markers, and brain-targeting efficiency. Results: Optimized liposomes had a particle size of 113.5 ± 6.8 nm, zeta potential of 6.2 ± 0.8 mV, and high EE% (Sel: 92.35%; siRNA: 78.66%). Albumin coating increased size to 136.5 ± 10.3 nm and shifted zeta potential to -13.5 ± 1.4 mV, enhancing stability and targeting. IN administration achieved a 3-fold increase in brain area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) versus intravenous delivery. In PD rats, C-Lip_Sel-siSNCA2 improved motor and non-motor functions, restored dopamine levels, enhanced catalase activity, and reduced MAO-B levels, mitigating dopamine degradation and α-synuclein aggregation. Conclusions: This non-invasive, dual-action nanoplatform offers a targeted therapy for PD, combining siRNA gene silencing and MAO-B inhibition, with the potential for clinical translation in neurodegenerative diseases.