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Investigation of Disease Outbreaks01:23

Investigation of Disease Outbreaks

Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...

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Detection of Foodborne Viruses in Dates Using ISO 15216 Methodology.

Philippe Raymond1, Roxanne Blain1, Neda Nasheri2

  • 1Food Virology National Reference Centre, St. Hyacinthe Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), 3400 Casavant Boulevard West, St. Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada.

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|February 26, 2025
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Summary

A new method efficiently extracts foodborne viruses like norovirus (HuNoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) from dates. This standardized protocol aids in food safety surveillance and managing outbreaks linked to contaminated dates.

Keywords:
hepatitis A virushuman noroviruslow moisture foodmurine norovirusviral extraction

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Area of Science:

  • Food Microbiology and Virology
  • Food Safety and Public Health

Background:

  • Foodborne viruses, including human norovirus (HuNoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV), are significant global health threats due to their low infectious dose and environmental persistence.
  • Ready-to-eat, low-moisture foods (LMFs) often undergo limited pathogen reduction, making them potential vehicles for viral transmission.
  • Recent hepatitis A virus (HAV) outbreaks linked to dates highlight their role in foodborne infections and the need for reliable detection methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficiency of different protocols based on the ISO 15216 method for extracting foodborne viruses from dates.
  • To establish a standardized method for the detection and quantification of human norovirus (HuNoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) in various date matrices.
  • To assess the applicability of the developed method for food safety surveillance and outbreak investigations involving dates.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated three protocols derived from the ISO 15216 standard for extracting murine norovirus (MNV) from whole Medjool dates.
  • Optimized and applied the most effective protocol for extracting HAV, HuNoV GI, and GII from different date varieties, including pitted dates.
  • Determined the limit of detection (LOD95) for HAV, HuNoV GI, and GII using quantitative real-time PCR.

Main Results:

  • Identified an optimal ISO 15216-based protocol for efficient viral extraction from dates.
  • Established limits of detection (LOD95) of 61 genomic equivalents (gEq)/25 g for HAV, 148 gEq/25 g for HuNoV GI, and 184 gEq/25 g for HuNoV GII.
  • Successfully detected HuNoV GI and GII in four naturally contaminated date varieties, confirming the method's effectiveness on diverse samples.

Conclusions:

  • The standardized ISO 15216 protocol is effective for extracting and detecting foodborne viruses, including HuNoV and HAV, from various types of dates.
  • This validated method can be utilized for routine food safety surveillance of dates.
  • The protocol provides a crucial tool for rapid response and management of foodborne virus outbreaks associated with date consumption.