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Deciphering Viral Replication Dynamics in Feline Infectious Peritonitis: A Quantitative Approach.

Carole J Burgener1,2, Emi N Barker3,4, Teodoru Soare5

  • 1Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich (IVPZ), Winterthurerstrasse 268, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.

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Summary

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) involves feline coronavirus (FCoV) gene expression differences. Cats with FIP show consistent transcription of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and envelope (E) genes, unlike cats with systemic FCoV infection.

Keywords:
FCoVFIPRNA-dependent RNA polymeraseRT-qPCRenvelope proteinviral genomic and messenger RNA

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a severe immune-mediated disease in cats, caused by feline coronavirus (FCoV).
  • Understanding FCoV's viral factors, including virion composition and replication, is crucial but challenging.
  • Previous research highlights the need to investigate viral gene expression in FIP pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate potential associations between feline coronavirus (FCoV) gene expression ratios and the development of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP).
  • To compare viral gene expression in cats with FIP lesions versus FCoV-infected cats without FIP.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of tissue samples from 46 cats with FIP and 10 FCoV-infected cats without FIP.
  • Utilized three RT-qPCR assays targeting RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and envelope (E) gene (sub)-genomic RNAs.
  • Quantified viral RNA copy numbers and assessed gene expression patterns.

Main Results:

  • Cats with FIP exhibited significantly higher viral RNA copy numbers for RdRp mRNA and combined RdRp gRNA/mRNA compared to E mRNA.
  • Fewer viral RNA copies were detected in FCoV-infected cats without FIP, with some showing no or low-level gene expression.
  • Consistent transcription of RdRp and E genes was observed in FIP lesions, but not in systemic FCoV infection alone.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct viral gene expression patterns, particularly for RdRp and E genes, are associated with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP).
  • The findings suggest that consistent viral gene transcription within lesions is a hallmark of FIP, differentiating it from systemic FCoV infection.