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Related Concept Videos

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

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Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin...
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Estimating Multimodal Structural Brain Variability in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Worldwide ENIGMA Study.

Wolfgang Omlor1, Finn Rabe1, Simon Fuchs1

  • 1Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich (Omlor, Rabe, Fuchs, Surbeck, Cecere, Huang, S. Homan, Kallen, Georgiadis, Spiller, Seifritz, Kirschner, P. Homan); Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich (Huang, P. Homan); Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY (T. Weickert, C. Weickert); Edith Collins Centre, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (Bruggemann); Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior (Potkin, van Erp), and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (van Erp), University of California Irvine, Irvine; Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo (Hashimoto); Institute of Mental Health, Singapore (Sim); Psychology Department and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Rootes-Murdy); School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney (Quide); Hopitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Crétail, France (Houenou); Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome (Banaj, Vecchio, Fabrizio Piras, Federica Piras, Spalletta); FIDMAG Sisters Hospitallers Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain (Salvador, Karuk, Pomarol-Clotet); Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Rodrigue, Glahn); Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, and Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT (Pearlson); National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic (Tomecek, Spaniel, Skoch); Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva (Kirschner, Kaiser); Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Kochunov); Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing (Fan); NORMENT Center, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, and K.G. Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopment, University of Oslo, Oslo (Andreassen, Westlye, Berthet); Neuroscience Institute (Howells) and Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Howells, Uhlmann); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Uhlmann); SA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Scheffler, Stein); Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, University of Naples Federico II, Naples (Iasevoli); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney (T. Weickert, C. Weickert, Bruggemann, Quide); School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney (T. Weickert, C. Weickert, Bruggemann); Specialty of Addiction Medicine, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (Bruggemann); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus (Turner); Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta (Calhoun); School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy (Cairns, Scott), Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research (Cairns, Loughland, Schall), School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing (Henskens, Rasser), Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour (Henskens), and School of Psychological Sciences (Michie), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia (Cairns, Loughland, Schall); School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney (Carr, Green); Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick (Carr, Green); Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, Australia (Carr); School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (Catts); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Di Biase, Klauser, Pantelis, Zalesky); Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Di Biase); University of Western Australia, Perth (Jablensky); Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia (Henskens, Michie); Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Australia (Klauser); Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (Klauser); Queensland Brain Institute and Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (Mowry); Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia (Pantelis); Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (Zalesky); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience (de Bartolomeis, Barone, Ciccarelli), Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (Brunetti, Cocozza, Pontillo, Tranfa), and Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (Pontillo), University Federico II, Naples; ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Mental Health Department, Bergamo, Italy (Di Giorgio); Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (Thomopoulos, Jahanshad, Thompson).

The American Journal of Psychiatry
|February 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Schizophrenia patients exhibit greater brain structural variability in frontotemporal and subcortical regions, linked to symptoms. However, folding patterns in a specific brain area remained uniform, suggesting developmental differences.

Keywords:
NeuroimagingNeuroscienceSchizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Psychiatry
  • Brain Structure

Background:

  • Schizophrenia presents with diverse clinical symptoms, reflecting underlying structural brain variability.
  • The distribution of this brain heterogeneity across gray and white matter features is not fully understood.
  • Investigating multimodal structural indicators is crucial for understanding schizophrenia's neurobiological basis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how brain heterogeneity in schizophrenia is distributed across multimodal structural indicators.
  • To examine variability and mean values of cortical thickness, surface area, folding index, subcortical volume, and fractional anisotropy.
  • To correlate structural variability with psychopathological symptom domains in schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the ENIGMA dataset, comprising MRI-based brain measures from 22 international sites.
  • Included up to 6,037 individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls for specific brain measures.
  • Analyzed variability and mean values of cortical thickness, surface area, folding index, subcortical volume, and fractional anisotropy.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with schizophrenia showed increased variability in cortical thickness, surface area, subcortical volume, and fractional anisotropy within frontotemporal and subcortical networks.
  • This increased structural variability was primarily associated with psychopathological symptom domains.
  • Unexpectedly, folding patterns were more uniform in individuals with schizophrenia, particularly in the right caudal anterior cingulate region, with no significant differences in mean folding values compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Uniform folding patterns in the right caudal anterior cingulate region contrast with multimodal variability in frontotemporal and subcortical networks in schizophrenia.
  • Variability in frontotemporal and subcortical networks correlates with disease-related diversity.
  • Uniform folding may suggest a less flexible interplay between genetic and environmental factors during neurodevelopment in specific brain regions.