Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Photosystem II01:22

Photosystem II

60.1K
The multi-protein complex photosystem II (PS II) harvests photons and transfers their energy through its bound pigments to its reaction center, and ultimately to photosystem I (PSI) through the electron transport chain. The pigments responsible for caputirng the light energy in photosystems include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids.
The pigment molecules are arranged across  two photosystem domains — the antenna complex and the reaction center. The main aim of the pigment...
60.1K
Photosystem I01:27

Photosystem I

53.0K
Although structurally similar to photosystem II (PSII), photosystem I (PSI) is has a different electron supplier and electron acceptor.
Both these photosystems work in concert. An excited electron from PSII is relayed to PSI via an electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, which is comprised of the carrier molecule plastoquinone, the dual-protein cytochrome complex, and plastocyanin. As electrons move between PSII and PSI, they lose energy and must be re-energized...
53.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Open- and Closed-Shell Roles of Sensitizer and Annihilator in Pseudo-Single Component Mixtures for Upconversion.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Reshaping Ru polypyridyl photochemistry with choline-geranate (CAGE) ionic liquids.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

Efficient Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics with Machine Learning Hamiltonian Interpolation.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026
Same author

Electron transfer from singlet fission dimers: possibilities and limitations.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

PCDHGC3 silencing promotes clear cell renal cell carcinoma metastasis via mTOR/HIF2α activation, lipid metabolism rewiring, and ferroptosis evasion.

Cell death & disease·2026
Same author

Photochemical reduction of aryl chlorides, bromides, and iodides <i>via</i> ternary EDA complexes with guanidine bases.

Chemical science·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

One Minute, Sub-One-Watt Photothermal Tumor Ablation Using Porphysomes, Intrinsic Multifunctional Nanovesicles
09:51

One Minute, Sub-One-Watt Photothermal Tumor Ablation Using Porphysomes, Intrinsic Multifunctional Nanovesicles

Published on: September 17, 2013

10.7K

A carnitine-based BODIPY photosensitizer.

Larissa Maierhofer1, Ruth Prieto-Montero2, Tamara Cubiella3

  • 1Instituto de Química Orgánica General (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain. mann@iqog.csic.es.

Journal of Materials Chemistry. B
|February 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

We developed a novel carnitine-based BODIPY photosensitizer for organelle-selective photodynamic therapy (PDT). This probe targets mitochondria and lysosomes, showing high phototoxicity against cancer cells, especially in low-oxygen environments.

More Related Videos

Photodynamic Therapy with Blended Conducting Polymer/Fullerene Nanoparticle Photosensitizers
09:45

Photodynamic Therapy with Blended Conducting Polymer/Fullerene Nanoparticle Photosensitizers

Published on: October 28, 2015

8.5K
Facile Preparation and Photoactivation of Prodrug-Dye Nanoassemblies
08:54

Facile Preparation and Photoactivation of Prodrug-Dye Nanoassemblies

Published on: February 17, 2023

964

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 6, 2026

One Minute, Sub-One-Watt Photothermal Tumor Ablation Using Porphysomes, Intrinsic Multifunctional Nanovesicles
09:51

One Minute, Sub-One-Watt Photothermal Tumor Ablation Using Porphysomes, Intrinsic Multifunctional Nanovesicles

Published on: September 17, 2013

10.7K
Photodynamic Therapy with Blended Conducting Polymer/Fullerene Nanoparticle Photosensitizers
09:45

Photodynamic Therapy with Blended Conducting Polymer/Fullerene Nanoparticle Photosensitizers

Published on: October 28, 2015

8.5K
Facile Preparation and Photoactivation of Prodrug-Dye Nanoassemblies
08:54

Facile Preparation and Photoactivation of Prodrug-Dye Nanoassemblies

Published on: February 17, 2023

964

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Organelle-selective photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers enhanced precision in cancer treatment.
  • Targeting specific organelles like mitochondria can improve therapeutic outcomes.
  • Previous work established mitochondria-targeting probes utilizing carnitine transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and characterize a novel carnitine-based BODIPY photosensitizer (probe 1) for organelle-selective PDT.
  • To evaluate probe 1's dual functionality as a fluorescent probe and a photosensitizer.
  • To assess probe 1's phototoxicity and targeting capabilities in cancer cells.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a novel carnitine-based BODIPY photosensitizer (probe 1).
  • Incorporation of bromine atoms to enhance intersystem crossing and singlet oxygen generation.
  • Theoretical calculations to understand structure-property relationships.
  • Cellular uptake, co-localization studies (mitochondria and lysosomes), and phototoxicity assays under normoxia and hypoxia.

Main Results:

  • Probe 1 exhibits mitochondrial selectivity, with dual co-localization in lysosomes.
  • Bromine incorporation enhances singlet oxygen quantum yield (∼80%) and phototoxicity.
  • High phototoxicity observed with low IC50 values (52 nm normoxia, 117 nm hypoxia) upon green light irradiation.
  • Probe 1 is non-cytotoxic in the dark.

Conclusions:

  • Probe 1 is a potent, dual-targeting photosensitizer with retained fluorescence.
  • Its carnitine-based design facilitates mitochondrial uptake.
  • Dual organelle targeting may enhance photodynamic efficacy, particularly in hypoxic tumor microenvironments.