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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...
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What is Monogastric Digestion?01:50

What is Monogastric Digestion?

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The human body contains a monogastric digestive system. In a monogastric digestive system, the stomach only contains one chamber in which it digests food. Several other animal species also have monogastric digestive systems, including pigs, horses, dogs, and birds. This chapter, however, focuses on the human digestive system.
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Chronic Salmonella Infection Induced Intestinal Fibrosis
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Gut microbiota dysfunction in Crohn's disease.

Sylvie Buffet-Bataillon1,2, Gabriela Durão1, Isabelle Le Huërou-Luron2

  • 1Department of Clinical Microbiology, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
|February 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gut microbiota function is significantly altered in Crohn's disease (CD), with severe disease showing increased oxidative stress and virulence factors. These findings offer new therapeutic targets for rebalancing gut bacteria and reducing inflammation in CD patients.

Keywords:
Crohn’s diseasemetabolic functionsmicrobiotaoxidative stresstreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Crohn's disease (CD) involves gut microbiota and immune system alterations, but specific metabolic dysfunctions remain unclear.
  • Understanding these dysfunctions is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies for CD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate metagenomic functions during the course of Crohn's disease using PICRUSt2.
  • To elucidate microbiota-related disease mechanisms and identify novel therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • 16S rRNA-based microbial profiling of 567 fecal samples from 383 CD patients across remission (CR), mild-moderate (CM), and severe (CS) states.
  • PICRUSt2 analysis of 16S data to assess gene and pathway composition.

Main Results:

  • Microbial function was more consistently disrupted than composition across disease severity.
  • Severe CD (CS) showed increased oxidative stress, reduced carbohydrate/amino acid metabolism, and enhanced virulence factors compared to remission (CR).
  • Increased Proteobacteria abundance and altered interaction networks correlated with disease severity.

Conclusions:

  • Functional metagenomic data provide insights into microbial pathways in CD pathogenesis.
  • Identified pathways suggest strategies for rebalancing gut microbiota, reducing oxidative stress, and downregulating gut inflammation.