Synchronous multiple primary cancers involving cervical cancer and follicular lymphoma: A case report

Multiple primary cancers refers to the occurrence of two or more histologically distinct tumor types, either simultaneously or sequentially. The present report describes a rare case of a 46-year-old female patient simultaneously diagnosed with cervical cancer and low-grade follicular lymphoma (FL). The patient presented with vaginal bleeding and a subsequent cervical biopsy confirmed cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Imaging examinations indicated suspicious para-aortic lymph node metastasis, leading to a laparoscopic radical hysterectomy with lymph node dissection. Postoperative histopathological examination revealed cervical squamous cell carcinoma. However, para-aortic lymph node metastasis was not observed and instead, primary FL was detected. The current case underscores the importance of surgical intervention in cases where cervical cancer presents with isolated para-aortic lymph node enlargement, as it is essential for distinguishing between lymph node metastasis and the presence of a second primary tumor.