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Digit span and Bisyllabic non-word span: Italian norms.

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Summary

This study standardized the Digit span and Bisyllabic non-word span tests in Italian adults. The Bisyllabic non-word span test offers a strategy-free measure of the phonological loop, useful for identifying memory deficits.

Keywords:
attentiondigit spanexecutive functionsphonological loopshort‐term memoryworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuropsychology
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • The phonological loop is a key component of working memory.
  • Standardized and validated tools are crucial for accurate assessment of cognitive functions.
  • Previous measures may be influenced by participant strategies or examiner bias.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To standardize the Digit span test and introduce the Bisyllabic non-word span test in an Italian adult sample.
  • To evaluate the influence of age and education on performance in these tests.
  • To establish the Bisyllabic non-word span test as a strategy-free measure of the phonological loop.

Main Methods:

  • Standardization of two tests measuring the phonological loop in 225 healthy Italian adults.
  • Computerized administration of all stimuli to minimize examiner influence.
  • Inclusion of a preliminary screening for sensory-perceptual and articulatory-motor difficulties.

Main Results:

  • Age and education significantly predicted Digit span test performance.
  • Age was the only significant predictor for the Bisyllabic non-word span test.
  • Average Digit span was twice the Bisyllabic non-word span, suggesting the latter is strategy-free.

Conclusions:

  • The Bisyllabic non-word span test is an innovative and specific tool for detecting phonological short-term memory deficits.
  • Standardized scores are provided for improved clinical interpretation and application.
  • The findings contribute to the accurate assessment of the phonological loop in adults.