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Detection, molecular function and mechanisms of m5C in cancer

Linhui Zhang1,2,3, Yuelong Li1, Liqing Li1,2,3

  • 1Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.

Clinical and Translational Medicine
|February 26, 2025
PubMed

Insights

5-methylcytosine (m5C) RNA modifications are crucial in cancer development, influencing progression and immune evasion. Understanding m5C regulatory networks offers new avenues for cancer biomarkers and precision oncology treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Recent surge in interest in RNA posttranscriptional modifications, specifically 5-methylcytosine (m5C).
  • m5C is implicated in fundamental cellular processes and closely associated with tumorigenesis.
  • Advancements in m5C detection methodologies enable single-nucleotide resolution transcriptome mapping.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the oncogenic potential of m5C RNA modifications.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying m5C's role in cancer development.
  • To consolidate current knowledge on the biological impact of m5C in tumor cells.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on m5C RNA modifications.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms linking m5C to cancer.
  • Consolidation of data on m5C's biological consequences in tumor cells.

Main Results:

  • m5C modifications are dynamically regulated by "writers," "readers," and "erasers," affecting cancer progression, metastasis, and immune evasion.
  • Specific m5C regulatory networks are observed across different cancers, influencing oncogenic pathways and treatment responses.
  • m5C signatures are emerging as valuable biomarkers for cancer prognosis and treatment stratification.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding m5C's role in tumorigenesis holds promise for improved cancer diagnosis and therapeutics.
  • m5C regulatory networks are critical determinants of cancer phenotypes and therapeutic vulnerabilities.
  • m5C-based biomarkers are key to advancing precision oncology.
Keywords:
5‐methylcytosineRNA modificationbiologic functionscancerdetection techniques

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