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Related Experiment Videos

Practice variability and children's motor behavior.

M A Clifton

    Perceptual and Motor Skills
    |April 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Practicing overarm throwing with varied parameters enhanced young boys' striking skills, suggesting throwing and striking may belong to a single movement class. Further research is needed on the breadth of movement class concept.

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    Area of Science:

    • Motor Learning
    • Developmental Psychology
    • Kinesiology

    Background:

    • Schmidt's (1991) schema theory suggests practice variability enhances motor skill learning.
    • The concept of a 'movement class' proposes that related motor skills share underlying control mechanisms.
    • Understanding how practice variability influences the acquisition and generalization of fundamental motor skills is crucial for effective physical education.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effect of variability-of-practice (VOP) on overarm throwing performance in children.
    • To examine the breadth of a movement class by assessing the transfer of learning between overarm throwing and novel striking tasks.
    • To determine if VOP in overarm throwing strengthens generalized motor programs (schemas) for related skills.

    Main Methods:

    Related Experiment Videos

    • 203 kindergarten and first-grade children were randomly assigned to control or experimental groups.
    • Experimental groups engaged in overarm throwing practice with varied parameters (weight, distance, or both).
    • All participants completed pre- and post-tests on novel striking tasks to assess skill transfer.

    Main Results:

    • Variability-of-practice in overarm throwing significantly improved the striking performance of kindergarten boys.
    • Results provided partial support for the hypothesis that throwing and striking could be considered members of the same movement class.
    • No significant effects were observed for other participant groups or for the control group.

    Conclusions:

    • Practice variability in overarm throwing may enhance the development of generalized motor programs applicable to related skills like striking.
    • The findings suggest a potential overlap between overarm throwing and striking within a broader movement class.
    • The concept of 'breadth of movement class' requires further empirical investigation to fully elucidate skill relationships.